Understanding and characterising collective tenure and tenure security in pastoral systems: consolidation of case studies in Kenya, Sudan and Burkina Faso

Land‑tenure insecurity is a central driver of farmer–herder conflict in Africa, yet pastoral collective tenure remains poorly understood compared to settled land systems.

This study examines group and individual tenure security among pastoralists in Burkina Faso, Sudan, and Kenya. Despite lacking formal documentation, communities view themselves as rightful landholders.

Findings reveal that shrinking rangelands, blocked mobility, and intensified competition increase the likelihood of violent conflict. The complexity of interacting causes underscores pastoral tenure insecurity as a key factor. Formal recognition of communal rights in rangelands emerges as a critical pathway to legitimacy, enforceability, and conflict mitigation.