Dynamism in the drylands: Evidence from South Sudan for supporting pastoral livelihoods during protracted crises

Over the past four years, South Sudan has endured consecutive flooding that has submerged vast areas, displaced communities, and intensified food insecurity. Pastoralists, central to the country’s livelihoods, have been among the worst affected, facing widespread livestock loss, forced migration in search of pasture and markets, and escalating violence through cattle raiding and revenge attacks.

This report draws on two years of interviews with 60 pastoralist households to examine how herders are adapting to climate- and conflict-related shocks. Findings reveal that pastoralists demonstrate remarkable flexibility and resilience, yet face mounting uncertainty about the long-term viability of pastoralism in the drylands.

The study argues that aid interventions must align with pastoralists’ adaptive strategies, supporting their inherent capacity to navigate volatility. By centering pastoral voices, the report highlights pathways for more responsive and equitable support to dryland communities confronting climate and conflict crises.