Assessing and financing loss and damage to climate change in Somalia

This report provides new estimates of climate-attributable losses and damages in Somalia to inform national planning and international advocacy. Between 2000 and 2021, droughts and floods likely linked to climate change caused direct economic impacts equivalent to 3.3% of GDP, with agriculture and livestock losses amounting to $2.84 billion (4.5% of agricultural GDP).

Projections suggest that, without significant climate-resilient development, cumulative losses from floods and droughts could reach $5 to $100 billion by the 2050s. Slow-onset processes, including rising temperatures, rainfall variability, evapotranspiration, and sea-level rise,pose further risks to crop yields, livestock health, and coastal ecosystems.

While opportunities exist to leverage international loss and damage finance, Somalia faces challenges of limited fiscal space, fragile institutions, and constrained access to global funds. Strengthening national capacity to quantify losses and articulate financing needs is critical to securing support for livelihoods and resilience in one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable contexts.